Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaphampu amanzi elanga aye athandwa kakhulu njengesixazululo sokumpompa amanzi esinobungani bemvelo futhi esingabizi kakhulu. Kodwa ingabe uyawazi umlando wamaphampu amanzi nokuthi amaphampu amanzi elanga abe kanjani imfashini entsha embonini?
Umlando wamaphampu amanzi usukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho abantu beqala ukusebenzisa amandla amanzi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Iphampu lamanzi lakudala elaziwayo libizwa ngokuthi “i-shadoof” futhi lalisetshenziswa eGibhithe lasendulo cishe ngo-2000 BC ukukha amanzi eMfuleni iNayile ukuze aniselwe. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamaphampu amanzi ziye zathuthukiswa, okuhlanganisa amaphampu aphindaphindayo, ama-centrifugal, namaphampu angaphansi kwamanzi, ngalinye linomklamo walo ohlukile nokusebenza kwawo.
Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphampu amanzi elanga kuyinto entsha eye yazuza umfutho emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngomthelela wemvelo wamaphampu kaphethiloli avamile kukhula, isidingo sezisombululo zamandla esimeme nesivuselelekayo siyaqhubeka sikhula. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwakhiweni okusha nokwamukelwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe belanga, okuhlanganisa namaphampu amanzi elanga.
Amaphampu amanzi elanga asebenzisa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic ukuze aguqule ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, abe esenika amandla amaphampu futhi akhiphe amanzi emithonjeni, emifuleni noma kweminye imithombo. Lawa maphampu ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwamaphampu asebenza ngophethiloli avamile, okuhlanganisa nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni encishisiwe kanye nezidingo zokulungisa ezincane. Ngenxa yalokho, ziya ngokuya ziduma ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuningi kwelanga kodwa ugesi olinganiselwe.
Imihlomulo kaHulumeni kanye noxhaso oluhloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo nakho kugqugquzela ukwamukelwa kwamaphampu amanzi elanga. Emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-India, i-China kanye nezingxenye ze-Afrika, ohulumeni bakhuthaza ukufakwa kwamaphampu amanzi elanga ngokusekela ngezimali kanye nezinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo. Lokhu kuphinde kusheshise ukukhula kwemakethe yephampu yamanzi elanga, okwenza kube imfashini entsha embonini.
Ukwengeza, intuthuko yobuchwepheshe belanga iye yaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphampu amanzi elanga asebenza kahle futhi anokwethenjelwa, okwenza abe ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo kumaphampu amanzi avamile ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Kusukela ekuniseleni ngenkasa kwezolimo kanye nokunisela imfuyo kuya ekunikezeni amanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala nezokuhweba, amaphampu amanzi elanga afakazele ukuthi ayisixazululo esiguquguqukayo nesimeme sezidingo zamanzi.
Ngamafuphi, umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamaphampu wamanzi uthuthukiswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ekugcineni okuholela ekutheni amaphampu amanzi elanga abe imfashini entsha embonini. Ngobungani bawo bemvelo, ukuphumelela kwezindleko kanye nokwesekwa kukahulumeni, amaphampu amanzi elanga abe yinketho ethandwayo yokumpompa amanzi, okuphawula ushintsho oluya ezixazululweni zamandla aqhubekayo nezivuselelekayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka nokuqwashisa ngezindaba zemvelo kwanda, amaphampu amanzi elanga cishe azoqhubeka edlala indima ebalulekile ekupompeni amanzi esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-25-2024